Enhancing Radical-Mediated Photopylomerization Efficacy and Crosslink Depth: Kinetic Modeling of a Two-Monomer System- Crimson Publishers

The kinetics and rate equations are derived to analyze the enhanced cross-linking via a two-monomer system, in which the photoinitiator (PI) triplet excited state interacts with monomers, [A] and [B], to form reactive intermediates radicals, which could interact with oxygen, [A],[B], and bimolecular termination. Quasi-steady-state conditions are employed to solve for radicals which are used to find the temporal prpfiles of the monomer efficacy and cosslink depth, as a function of light intensity, exposure time, and concentrations of PI, [A] and [B]. Higher light intensity and radical coupling rate constant lead to faster depletion of PI and oxygen concentration; and faster transient rising efficacy, but a lower steadystate efficacy. Conversion efficacy is an increasing function of the ratio [B]/[A]. In contrast, efficacy is a decreasing function of the reaction rate ratio of oxygen and triplet state, resulted by the stronger oxygen inhibition. Efficacy may be improved by additive enhancer-monomer or extended lifetime of photosensitizer triplet-state or oxygen singlet, in consistent with the measured clinical data. Oxygen inhibition effect may be reduced by the presence of D2O, which extends the lifetime of singlet oxygen. Our analytic formulas provide useful guidance for the scaling laws for further clinical studies.

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Ultra-Fast Detection of Loosened Bolts Based on Binary Image Processing- Crimson Publishers

Ultra-Fast Detection of Loosened Bolts Based on Binary Image Processing- CrimsonPublishers In this paper, we offer a new method for detecting tight or loosened bolts based on image processing. The proposed method is independent of bolt appearances, and no height detector is needed. Firstly, several pictures are taken from the bolts in tight and different loosened states for training the system. After the training step, the status of the study bolts is processed by MATLAB software. By using image processing techniques including noise removal, Circular Hough Transform (CHT), transformation of colored images to grayscale, Otsu thresholding, binary complement of Otsu thresholding, enhancement of images with dilation structure element, and after calculating the area of the bolts, the decision about the states of the bolts can be accurately determined based on the number of zero pixels. The proposed method has the advantages of the low calculation process, very fast, and high preci...

Review of Long Term Turbidity Trends with Possible Reasons around the World | Crimson Publishers

Review of Long Term Turbidity Trends with Possible Reasons around the World by Ilknur Tuncer in Research in Medical & Engineering Sciences In this review, it was tried to summarize the long term turbidity trends in various environments around the world. It was found that there was a decreasing trend in water clarity for Baltic Sea, Dutch Wadden Sea, Black Sea, Adriatic Sea, Japanese coasts due to eutrophication, rapid industrialization, anthropogenic input, etc. throughout 1900s and when those effects were diminished as maintained in Norwegian and North Atlantic coasts by the introduction of waste treatment plants and the improvement of sewage systems, an increasing trend was obtained. Moreover, clear oceanic water intrusion into near shore regions also resulted in an increase in water clarity as seen in the coasts of Southern California. On the other hand, since coasts of Wales, UK consisted of inorganic sediments, rather than anthropogenic effects, wind was tested as...

Transformation of High-Energy Bonds in ATP- Crimson Publishers

Transformation of High-Energy Bonds in ATP by Korablev GА in Research in Medical & Engineering Sciences With the help of spatial-energy concept it is demonstrated that the formation and change of high-energy bonds in ATP take place at the functional transitions of valence-active orbitals of the system “phosphorus-oxygen”. These values of energy bonds are in accord with experimental and quantum mechanical data. https://crimsonpublishers.com/rmes/fulltext/RMES.000665.php For more open access journals in crimson publishers Please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com For more articles on Research in Medical & Engineering Sciences Please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/rmes/

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